This resource describes some of the basic human skills, perspectives, and situational dynamics that are necessary in order to expect someone to be reasoning clearly, instead of only rationalizing, irrationally persuading, maintaining a position uncritically, or intimidating.
Many people are not able to reason clearly under adverse conditions and with poor support or preparation, so we should never discount another's ideas out of hand. But when we have the opportunity, we should help provide people with these prerequisites.